FTR#568—The Life and Times of Hasan Cengic--One 30-minute segment) (Sources
are noted in parentheses.) (Recorded on 9/3/2006.)
Note: FTR#’s 260-316, 317, 324,
FTR#325 and succeeding programs are streaming
on Real Audio at www.wfmu.org/daveemory.
FTR#’s 01-270, 316-324 are available for download
only, also on Real Audio, on their Archive Page.)
Note!! WFMU is now
podcasting the For The Record Shows. For details, access: http://podcast.wfmu.org/
Listeners are emphatically encouraged to use the
internet to disseminate as much of the audio and printed material as possible. Note: all of this material is free.
Note: It is
recommended that listeners print the program descriptions for optimum
readability. It is emphatically
encouraged that listeners use the printed files on the Spitfire web site and
the audio files on the WFMU web sites to create their own research/teaching
databases.
NEW!! A diligent listener is turning the For The Record
descriptions into a blog. The URL is: http://ftrSummary.blogspot.com/. In addition, the listener has put together
a blog for the RFA descriptions: http://rfaSummary.blogspot.com/.
Listeners are emphatically encouraged to utilize these spots.
Listeners are
strongly encouraged to utilize the SPITFIRE search function in order to enhance
their understanding of the material. The search function can be accessed at: http://www.spitfirelist.com/FTR_search.html.
NOTE: TWO
LECTURES PRESENTING MR. EMORY’S VIEWS OF WHAT WE CAN EXPECT IN THE FUTURE ARE
NOW AVAILABLE FOR DOWLOAD FOR FREE IN
BOTH REAL AUDIO AND MP3. These lectures are:
L-1: ‘The Political Implications of the UFO Phenomenon and the ‘ET’ Myth’; and
L-2: ‘The Future--Technology, Theocracy and the Thousand-Year-Reich.’
Descriptions are available in the Lecture Series section.
NEW!! A number of
vitally important books are now available for download for FREE. The books are:
Martin Bormann: Nazi in
Exile by Paul Manning; The Nazis Go Underground
by Curt Reiss; and All Honorable Men (parts 1 and 2) by James
Stewart Martin. Taken together, these books will provide a significant
understanding of the concept and reality of The Underground Reich, and they can
be downloaded with a modem Internet connection. They are available at: Spitfirelist.com/Books. In addition, we have added Cairo to Damascus by John Roy Carlson [1951], Germany Plots with the Kremlin by T.H. Tetens [1953], and Armies of Spies by Joseph Golomb [1939].
Yet another recent addition is Germany’s
Master Plan by Joseph Borkin and Charles Welsh. (Borkin is the author of
the 1979 classic The Crime and Punishment
of I.G. Farben.) Another anti-fascist classic about I.G. Farben supplements
the Borkin and Welsh text—Treason’s Peace
by Howard Watson Ambruster. Two more recently-posted gems are The Thousand-Year Conspiracy by Paul
Winkler and Falange by Alan Chase,
both published in 1943. The Winkler text documents the evolution of militant
Pan-Germanism from the Teutonic Knights to the Nazis and Falange documents the Third Reich’s geopolitical goals in the
Spanish-speaking world. By the time many of you read this description, more of
the long-out-of-print anti-fascist books that are more than 50 years old will
have been added to the Spitfirelist.com/Books URL. The Manning text’s URL also features a discussion of
Paul Manning’s career and professional credentials. Martin Bormann: Nazi in Exile is also available in html. Note also that FTR#305
has a synoptic overview of the Bormann organization. An understanding of the
Bormann organization is essential for an in-depth grasp of the arguments
presented on For The Record.
Note also that U.S. Government documents proving Prescott
Bush Sr.’s Money-Laundering on behalf of the Third Reich before and after World
War II are available at a linked website, along with commentary by John
Buchanan, who located the documentation. This material is discussed in FTR#435.
The website containing the documents is www.debatecomics.org/BushFamilyFortune/.
Summary of FTR#568—(Note: The massive
volume of ‘For The Record’ programs about 9/11 and related topics is summarized
and analyzed in the periodically-updated description for FTR#391.
FTR#’s 454,
455, 456 are compilations of
much of the key documentation culled from Mr. Emory’s investigation into 9/11.
Along with FTR#391, they should give
listeners/readers a substantive grasp of this momentous event. It is
recommended that listeners use this description and e-mail it to others.) After George Bush stated that the United
States was involved in a battle against Islamic fascists, a rhetorical
firestorm erupted, with people in the U.S. and abroad decrying Bush’s
statement. There is an old expression—“even a broken clock is right twice a
day.” George W. Bush—a broken clock if every there was one—happened to be
correct this time. Illustrating the reality of Islamic fascism, as well as its
remarkable continuity over the years, are the life and times of Hasan Cengic. A
veteran of the 13th Waffen SS Division during World War II, Cengic
worked with Iran, Saudi Arabia and with elements of the U.S. national security
establishment during the Balkans wars of the 1990’s.
Becoming the deputy defense minister of the newly created Bosnian state, Cengic
oversaw the re-creation of the 13th Waffen SS Division in the
1990’s! The newly created Handzhar Division also appears to have played
a role in the spreading of the Balkans conflict into Kosovo, where Islamist
combatants also recapitulated the fascist fighting formations of World War II.
Program Highlights Include: Bosnian president Alija Izetbegovic’s work on behalf of the Handzhar
Division of the World War II era—“Handzhar I”; Izetbegovic’s relationship with
Osama bin Laden during the Balkans wars of the 1990’s; Cengic’s relationship
with the Iranian fundamentalists while executing his role as the primary
weapons procurer for the Bosnians; Cengic’s relationship with the Saudi Islamic
fundamentalists during his role as the primary weapons procurer for the
Bosnians; Cengic’s relationship with Russian weapons dealer [and U.S.
intelligence asset] Viktor Bout during his [Cengic’s] role as the primary
weapons procurer for the Bosnians; Cengic’s relationship with elements of U.S.
intelligence during his role as the primary weapons procurer for the Bosnians;
the concrete assistance of a front organization created by Osama bin Laden to
the establishment of Hasan Cengic as a key player in Bosnia; the role in the
newly-recreated Handzhar Division of ethnic Albanian Muslims, as well as Arab
and Pakistani veterans of the Afghan war; the
role of “Handzhar II” in force-projection into Kosovo and Macedonia in the
1990’s.
1.
Beginning the overview on the life and times of Hasan Cengic, the
broadcast begins with review of the creation and operation of the 13th
Waffen SS Division (“Hanjar” or “Handzhar”), one of three Muslim Waffen SS
divisions recruited for the Nazis by the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem. Hasan Cengic
was a member of the original 13th Waffen SS Division. “ . . . He [the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem] called upon all
Muslims to ‘kill the Jews wherever you see them.’ In Tehran's marketplace, it
was common to see placards that declared, ‘In heaven, Allah is your master. On
Earth, it is Adolf Hitler.’ When the mufti raised three divisions of Islamic
Waffen SS to undertake cruel operations in Bosnia, among the 30,000 killers
were some volunteer contingents from Iran. Iranian Nazis, along with the other
Muslim Waffen SS, operated under the direct supervision of Heinrich Himmler and
were responsible for barbarous actions against Jews and others in Bosnia.
Recruitment for the murderous ‘Handschar Divisions’ was done openly in Iran.
Iran and its leaders were not only aware of the Holocaust, they played both
sides. The country offered overland escape routes for refugee Jews fleeing Nazi
persecution to Israel -- and later fleeing postwar Iraqi fascist persecution --
but only in exchange for extortionate passage fees.” (“Denial of Holocaust Nothing
New in Iran Ties to Hitler Led to Plots Against British and Jews” by Edwin
Black; San Francisco Chronicle; 1/8/2006; accessed at: http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2006/01/08/INGODGH99Q1.DTL.)
2.
Updating information
from FTR#’s 330, 400, 414, the broadcast
excerpts the obituary of former Bosnian president Alija Izetbegovic,
highlighting his association with the SS Handzhar Division in World War II, and
the support he received from Osama bin Laden. “ . .
.During World War II, when Bosnia became part of the puppet-Nazi state of the
Croatian Ustashe, Mr. Izetbegovic joined the Young Muslims, a group torn
between siding with the German-sponsored Handzar divisions organized by the
German SS or with the Yugoslav communist partisans led by Josip Broz Tito. Mr.
Izetbegovic supported the Handzars. After Tito’s Communist government was
established in 1946, a military court sentenced Mr. Izetbegovic to three years
in prison for his wartime activities. . . .” (“Alija
Izetbegovic, Muslim Who Led Bosnia, Dies at 78” by David Binder; The New
York Times; 10/20/2003; p. 2.)
3.
“ . .
. Osama bin Laden visited him [Izetbegovic] in Sarajevo in 1993 and sponsored
some fighters from Arabic countries to fight on the Muslims’ side in Bosnia,
according to a report in the German magazine Der Spiegel. . .” (Idem.)
4.
Supplementing
previous discussion of the fascist heritage of the government of Alija
Izetbegovic (the first president of Bosnia), the broadcast sets forth the
background of the first Deputy Defense Minister of Bosnia-Herzogovina. Like
Izetbegovic himself, Hasan Cengic was a veteran of the operations of the 13th
Waffen SS Division—the Handzar Division. (For more about the subject of the Balkans
wars and the reconstitution of Islamic fascism in the Balkans, see—among other
programs—FTR#’s 154, 293, and the other
broadcasts noted in the descriptions for them. For more about Bosnia and Al
Qaeda, see—among other programs—FTR#’s 330, 400, 432. For more about the
Balkan SS formations, see—among other programs—FTR#’s 168, 330, 400, 414, 416) “Indicative of Sarajevo’s intentions and priorities is the
appointment in January 1996 of Hasan Cengic to the position of Deputy Defense
Minister: the man in charge of the implementation of the reorganization. A
veteran of the SS Handzar Division during World War II, Cengic is a close
personal friend and confidant of Alija Izetbegovic, especially since the time
they served together in Yugoslav President Tito’s prison. [Italics are Mr.
Emory’s.] .” (Some Call It Peace: Waiting for War in the
Balkans; Yossef Bodansky; Copyright 1996 [SC] by Yossef Bodansky; Published
by International Media Corporation Ltd.; ISBN 0-9520070-5-3; p. 39; Note:
Although this book has a distinct ideological bias—Clinton bashing—its
intelligence data on Bosnian military formations is very credible.)
5.
Bridging the gap between Sunni and Shiite Islamic fascism, Cengic has
operated on behalf of the Iranian fundamentalists. “It
is always very hard to focus on broad pictures when so many fires are in need
of being put out. But it is imperative to keep in mind in the ongoing conflict
Iran’s long-standing ties not only to Hezbollah, but to Islamists in Bosnia, a
relationship that spans more than a decade. There is concern among Bosnian
contacts that, if Iran feels things are going badly in Lebanon and that the war
needs another front, it would take little to ignite Bosnia. It would not be
hard to do and the international presence in Bosnia is greatly reduced. So is
the intelligence capacity developed in the late 1990s. Several key
intelligence-gathering units have been dissolved in Bosnia in the past six
months, meaning the West is more blind there than any time since the
mid-1990s.” (“While Lebanon Boils, Watch Bosnia” by Douglas Farah;
7/19/2006; http://www.douglasfarah.com/article/79/while-lebanon-boils-watch-bosnia.)
6.
“To date Iranian intelligence maintains a huge apparatus in
Bosnia and several dozen, if not hundreds, of trainers with the elite units of
the Bosnian military. In addition, several hundred mujahadeen who fought in
Afghanistan and then Bosnia remain scattered around Bosnia, many of them still
with the elite Bosnia units or in the intelligence apparatus. It is worth
remembering this heavy Iranian involvement in the Bosnian conflict because it
was in Bosnia that al Qaeda developed its template for future operations. One
of the most interesting things is that, while the mujahadeen and Bosnian
Muslims were supported by Saudi Arabia and many others, much of the aid flowed
through Iran, despite the Shi’ite-Sunni divide. The bridge was Hasan Cengic,
an Iranian intelligence agent and later Bosnia’s deputy defense minister who
has been designated by the U.S. Treasury Department. [Italics are Mr.
Emory’s.] Cengic did some of his earliest weapons deals through Viktor Bout,
who flew in hundreds of tons of weapons for the Bosnian Muslims in 1992. He
later ‘sold’ Cengic at least one aircraft, and perhaps more.” (Idem.)
7.
More about Cengic’s role as the bridge between Shiia and Sunni Islamic
fascists: “Cengic, although working on behalf of
Iran, coordinated the Saudi’s multi-hundred million dollar financial support
for the Bosnian Muslims as well. There are concrete examples of this. During
one period in the late 1990s, Wa’el Julaidan, now designated by both the U.S.
and Saudi Arabia as a terrorist financier, received $8 millon from a
Cengic-controlled account of the Third World Relief Agency. Julaidan later
repaid the money to the TWRA account in a series of smaller payments. Given
Iran’s ongoing desire to push a pan-Islamist agenda and the advantages it gains
from ongoing turmoil-not only in terms of oil revenues, but in terms of being
able to build alliances, move agents and set a pan-Islamist agenda-its leaders
could well feel the need to use another arrow from its quiver. But it could be
that no one is watching Bosnia as it prepares to burn.” (Idem.)
8.
Continuing the tracking of Hasan Cengic’s career from the Hanjar
division of World War II through the Islamic terrorism of the contemporary
period, the program notes that Cengic is now a member of the Bosnian
parliament, having moved from his position as Deputy Defense Minister. “There is one intriguing detail in the emerging picture of
the London bombings that are almost entirely overlooked: The possibility that
the high-level explosives came from the Balkans. For several months,
Western intelligence officials in Bosnia have been warning their counterparts
that high-level plastic explosives have gone missing and were possibly in
terrorist hands. One official told me a few months ago that if there
were an attack in Europe, it would be very likely the materiel would have been
obtained in Bosnia. The big question now is why no one paid attention to the
warnings. There remains a small, dedicated group gathering intelligence on
these types of operation, but their work is given a low priority and the entire
intelligence-gathering structure, providing what little reliable information
available on radical Islamic movements and leaders in Bosnia, is slated to
disappear at the end of the year.” (“London and the Possible Bosnia
Connection” by Andrew Cochran; 7/14/2005; http://counterterror.typepad.com/the_counterterrorism_blog/2005/07/douglas_farah_l.html.)
9.
Note that Cengic was the beneficiary of a “reluctant” U.S. intelligence
community in his work arming the Bosnia Islamists. It has long been Mr. Emory’s
contention that the U.S. and Britain applied the “Afghan paradigm” in the
Balkans. The Muslim Brotherhood and its Al Qaeda offshoot [in Mr. Emory’s
opinion] were employed against the Serbian communists, as they had been against
the Soviet occupation forces in Afghanistan. The fact that the Bosnian
operation was conducted on Bill Clinton’s watch may well account for the
reluctance of the Democrats to press the political advantage that they stood to
gain from highlighting the GOP’s hard links with the Muslim Brotherhood/Bank al
Taqwa/Al Qaeda link exemplified by the Grover Norquist/Karl Rove connection to
the Islamic Institute. (For more about this link, see—among other programs—FTR#’s
454, 515.) Note that Cengic
worked with Viktor Bout, a wealthy and seemingly ubiquitous Russian arms dealer
who also worked hand-in-glove with U.S. in the Balkans and, more recently, in
Iraq. “While Western forces continue to scale back
their activities in the Balkans and slash their intelligence-gathering
capabilities there in the mistaken belief that things are returning to normal,
radical Islamists are steadily preparing for renewed activity and are already
engaged in acts of violence. The gun that killed Dutch filmmaker Theo Van Gough
came from the Bosnia. The huge, unsecured stockpiles of weapons and explosives
make obtaining these items easy. And there are still militant Islamists in
positions of power. The foremost is Hasan Cengic, now in the Bosnia
parliament, who was a former deputy defense minister in charge of arming
Bosnian Muslims during the Bosnian war. He set up, with the help of a very
reluctant U.S. intelligence community, a weapons pipeline that ran primarily
through Iran. He was also a director of the Third World Relief Agency, (TWRA),
the fake Islamic charity that funneled hundreds of millions of dollars to
radical Islamists during that conflict. Much of the money remains unaccounted
for. TWRA officially went out of business in 1996, but more than $300 million
in assets were not accounted for. [Italics are Mr. Emory’s.] It is
interesting to note that Viktor Bout, happily flying for the U.S. military and
KBR in Iraq and Afghanistan, dealt with Cengic often and provided him with at
least one aircraft during the Bosnia war.” (Idem.)
10.
“It is often forgotten that Bosnia played an extemely
significant role in the formation of al Qaeda, and that the infrastructure
established during that war were never erradicated. Al Qaeda and other Salafist
groups used Bosnia as a training ground, a financial center, a weapons storage
site and a money-laundering center. Bosnia is still an active center for all of
those activities. We ignore the obvious signs of danger at our own expense.
Maybe the supply of high-grade explosives from the region will finally focus
the necessary attention on Bosnia as an unfinished enterprise.” (Idem.)
11.
More about the relationship between Cengic, Viktor Bout and U.S.
national security elements: “It seems as though
the fingerprints of Viktor Bout, arms trafficker extraordinaire, can be found
in most places that have had trouble in recent years. The most recent
intelligence reports I received come from Bosnia, and show Bout has been an
active partner of Mr. Hasan Cengic, the head of radical Islam in Bosnia and key
organized crime figure. Interesting how Bout shows up in numerous
Muslim-related conflicts, often where U.S. policy makers are having a
particularly difficult time in getting weapons to one side or the other.” (“Viktor
Bout’s Excellent Bosnian Adventure” by Douglas Farah; 4/12/2005; http://counterterrorismblog.org/2005/04/viktor_bouts_excellent_bosnian.php.)
12.
“The paper trail left by Bout in Bosnia makes it hard to
discern exactly what he was up to there, but in March 2001 he was leasing two
Illyushin Il-72s from BIO Air Services, and had them based in Sarjah, UAE.
Cengic, on the U.S. Treasury Department's list of banned individuals and chief
arms provider to the Bosnia Muslims during the Bosnia conflict (where al Qaeda
and other radical elements, led by Cengic, took control of the lucrative arms
trade), controls BIO Air. The European intelligence report says that BIO Air
leased two of its aircraft to Bout after illegally importing them into Bosnia
in the first place. Before the aircraft were owned by BIO Air they belonged to
Atlas Iran. Cengic spent much of the Bosnia war in Iran and worked as an
Iranian intelligence agent. . . .” (Idem.)
13.
Cengic has been the beneficiary of support from the CIRKL, and apparent
Al Qaeda front organization founded by Sheik Abdel Rahman [convicted in
connection with the first attack on the World Trade Center] and Osama bin
Laden. “ . . . According to this recent article
Ceric is linked to the CIRKL, a funding operation ‘which was in charge of all
aid donated to Bosniak Muslims by Islamic countries’ The CIRKL was started by
Sheik Abdel Rahman and Osama Bin Laden. Information collected by Austrian and
German intelligence agents and published in August 2004 in Banjaluka`s Patriot
paper claims that Islamic terrorists, including Osama bin Laden and Sheik
Rahman, organized CIRKL, ... The group was set up as the only link between the
Bosnian Muslim political leadership of the time and its wealthy Islamic
benefactors. . . . Instead of the Bosniak government, it was the illegal CIRKL
that was in control of all aid donated to the Bosniak nation by Islamic
countries. The Bosniak nation is 100 percent financially dependent on the
CIRKL. The CIRKL is the absolute master of almost all hard currency,’ according
to the intelligence document, which dates back to Nov. 6, 1995, and is labeled
top secret. The document also list the key people in the CIRKL in charge of
Bosnia as Dr. Fatih al Hassanein, Hasan Cengic, [Italics are Mr.
Emory’s] Salim Sabic, Muhamed Catic, Mustafa Ceric, Husein Zivalj, and Senad
Sahinpasic...’" (Excerpt from article on Mufti Mustafa Ceric,
Grand Mufti of Bosnia; http://www.militantislammonitor.org/article/id/455.)
14.
Under Izetbegovic
and Cengic, the Handzar Division was recreated! With the recreation of the Handzar Division in the
1990’s, the life and times of Hasan Cengic arrived at a remarkable point of
circuitous continuity—perhaps even closure. “ . .
.These are the men of the Handzar division. ‘We do everything with the knife,
and we always fight on the frontline.’ A Handzar told one U.N. officer. Up to
6,000 strong, the Handzar division glories in a fascist culture. They see
themselves as their heirs of the SS Handzar division, formed by Bosnian Muslims
in 1943 to fight for the Nazis. Their spiritual model was Mohammed Amin
al-Hussein, the grand Mufti of Jerusalem who sided with Hitler. According to
U.N. officers, surprisingly few of those in charge of the Handzars in Fojnica
seem to speak good Serbo Croation ‘Many of them are Albanian, whether from
Kosovo (the Serb province where Albanians are the majority) or from Albania
itself.’” (“Albanians and Afghans
fight for the heirs to Bosnia’s SS Past” by Robert Fox; Daily Telegraph;
12/29/1993.)
15.
Again, as we reflect
on the Balkans war and the events of 9/11, one of the scenarios to be seriously
considered is the possibility that elements of US intelligence utilized the
“Arab Afghans” (including Al Qaeda) in the Balkans, as they had against the
Soviets in Afghanistan. Indeed the geopolitics first practiced by the Third
Reich in the “Earth Island” appears to have served as something of a model for
what took place in the latter part of the Cold War. America’s erstwhile
Islamist and Islamofascist allies later turned against the United States with a
vengeance. “They are trained and led by veterans
from Afghanistan and Pakistan, say U.N. sources. The strong presence of native
Albanians is an ominous sign. It could mean the seeds of war are spreading
south via Kosovo and into Albania. Thence to the Albanians of Macedonia.
Pakistani fundamentalists are known to have had a strong hand in providing arms
and a small weapons industry for the Bosnian Muslims.” (Idem.)
16.
The broadcast
presents more about the recreation of the Handzar Division under Izetbegovic
and Cengic. Note that the division was trained and led by Afghan and Pakistani
veterans. The milieux of Al Qaeda and “Handzar II”—the 1990’s Handzar--overlap.
“Another major Islamist force remained: the Handzar
Division, named after the 13th SS Handzar Division which served
under the German flag in World War II. The current Handzar Division is
Sarajevo’s Praetorian Guards, and is comprised of a 2,500 to 3,000 elite force
deployed in Sarajevo and a 6,000 to 7,500 strong back-up force at a major
training base around Fojnica, but is moved around to augment major fighting
fronts. The majority of the troops of the Handzar Division come from the
region’s non-Bosnian Muslim minorities, primarily Albanians, and are led by
veteran Pakistani and Afghan experts.” (Some
Call It Peace: Waiting for War in the Balkans; p. 15.)
17.
Relating more about
“Handzar II,” the program notes that the foot soldiers of the unit were largely
of Albanian extraction and that they were engaged in force projection into
Kosovo and Macedonia. Another area of Islamist activism was Kosovo, with the
KLA being the beneficiary of Islamist activity. Many of the combatants in the
KLA were the sons and grandsons of members of the 21st Waffen SS or
Skanderbeg division. With the KLA/Skanderbeg relationship and with the
Handzhar’s force projection into Kosovo and Macedonia, we see a further degree
of continuity between the Islamic fascism of the World War II period and the Islamic fascism of
today. The “Life and Times of Hasan Cengic”
embody this continuity! (For more about Islamism and Kosovo,
see—among other programs—FTR#’s 351, 357, 359, 381. For more about the 21st
Waffen SS division, see—among other programs—FTR#’s 161, 330, 414.) “In mid-1993 Sarajevo revived the Handzar Division is
the Praetorian Guard for President Alija Izetbegovic and other senior leaders
in Sarajevo. The Handzar Division is comprised of a 2,500 to 3,000 elite
force deployed in Sarajevo and a 6,000 to 7,500 strong back-up force in
Fojnica.” (Ibid.; p. 158.)
18.
“Significantly,
the majority of the troops of the Handzar Division are not Bosnian
Muslims. Instead, they come from the region’s other Muslim minorities,
primarily Albanians, and are led by veteran Pakistani and Afghan experts.
‘Surprisingly few of those in charge of the Handzars in Fojnica seem to
speak good Serbo-Croatian. Many of them are Albanian, whether from Kosovo or
from Albania itself,’ explained UN officers in Fojnica. ‘The Handzars are
trained and led by veterans from Afghanistan and Pakistan. The strong presence
of native Albanians is an ominous sign. It could be that the seeds of war are
spreading south via Kosovo and into Albania, thence to the Albanians of
Macedonia.’ These observations, made in late 1993, proved correct. By 1995, the
Handzar Division had been transformed into a zealot and combat proven
special forces. In many cases, particularly in the surge into western
Bosnia-Herzogovina in the Summer-Fall of 1995, they operated in close
cooperation with the mujahedin units. The deployment of Albanian
veterans and support mujahedin cadres to Albania began in the Fall of
1995.” (Ibid.; pp. 158-159.)